Objective: The present study evaluated the antibacterial efficacy and biocompatibility of carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) compared to mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). Methods: CHA was synthesized at 0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 M concentrations. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CHA and MTA were measured against Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans. Afterwards, 1x107 CFU/mL of each microorganism was exposed to the concentration corresponding to the MIC of each material and the bacterial colony count was measured. The survival rate, hatching rate, heart rate, and morphology of zebrafish embryos were evaluated when exposed to CHA or MTA (n=20 embryos per group) Results: For S. mutans, the lowest MIC levels were found in the 0.05 and 0.5 CHA groups. The MIC value of all CHA concentrations against E. faecalis was 25 µg/ml. The lowest MIC against C. albicans was noted in the 0.1 CHA group. At the respective MIC levels, the 0.5 CHA showed the lowest colony count for S. mutans, which was significantly lower than that of MTA and 0.1 CHA groups (P<0.05). For E. faecalis, the 0.1 CHA and MTA groups had significantly lower colony count than the 0.05 CHA group (P<0.05). Regarding C. albicans, the 0.1 CHA had the lowest colony count, significantly lower than the 0.05 CHA group (P<0.05). Zebrafish embryos showed the lowest survival, hatching, and heart rates when exposed to MTA (P< 0.05). Conclusions: The 0.1 and 0.5 CHA concentrations showed a favorable antibacterial efficacy against various oral microorganisms and better biocompatibility than MTA.

In this work, we report the effect of a capping agent on the structural and optical properties of nanocrystalline ZnS particles, which have been synthesized by co-precipitation method. The structural properties of ZnS nanoparticles have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The XRD patterns show a hexagonal structure in the nanoparticles. The mean crystallite size calculated from the XRD patterns has been found to be in the range of 1.80 to 2.45 nm with the increase in molar concentration of the capping agent. Absorption spectra have been obtained using a UV-vis spectrophotometer to find the optical direct band gap. We also found that optical band gap (Eg) increases with the increase in molar concentration of the capping agent. This behavior is related to size quantization effect due to the small size of the particles.

Back ground & Aim: Preservation of tooth vitality is one of the most important tasks for clinicians dealing with exposed teeth. Several different materials have been used for pulp capping in recent years with calcium hydroxide being of the most Due to pathologic complication in the pulp following the are of Ca(OH)2, this investigation was designed to evaluate the effect of MTA on pulp reaction following pulp capping procedure. Method & Material: Calcium Hydroxide (Dycal) was used for direct pulp cap ping of II human maxillary third molar teeth with intentional exposure as control group. The same number of teeth was capped using MTA using the same condition. Results: Results showed that the dentinal bridge was thicker in cases treated with MTA with a clearly milder inflammation in pulp of the teeth treated by MTA. Conclusion: MTA could be used as an acceptable material for pulp capping of exposed permanent teeth.

In this work, SrMnO3 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using dimethylglyoxime (DMG) and triethylenepantamine (TEPA) as capping agent and alkaline agent respectively. To achieve the desired sample with high homogeneity and the fine size, various parameters such as capping agent, alkaline agent and temperature of calcination were changed. SrMnO3 nanostructures with different morphologies such as unique sphere-like and hierarchical were successfully prepared. Then on the surface of the optimum sample, silver nanoparticles were doped. The as-synthesized nanostructures were characterized by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX) and UV–Vis diffuse reflectance analysis (DRS). The photocatalytic degradation of the rhodamine B, methyl orange, murexide and methylene blue as water pollutants were investigated. According to the results, photocatalytic activity of SrMnO3/Ag nanostructures were better and degradation percent of rhodamine B as a cationic pollutant was more than the other dyes.

In this work firstly CoFe2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized via a hydrothermal method. The temperature, surfactant and capping agent effects on the size of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles were investigated. 2-hydroxyacetophenone used as a good capping agent to produce cubic-like nanostructure. When SDBS used as surfactant, particles had spherical morphology. Nanoparticle was studied by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared. We found that the CoFe2O4 nanoparticles were prepared exhibit a ferromagnetic behavior with a saturation magnetization of 20emu/g and a coercivity of 250 Oe. The photocatalytic behavior of CoFe2O4 was studied by the degradation of a methylene blue aqueous solution under ultraviolet light irradiation.

Bi2WO6 nanoplates were synthesized by a simple one-step hydrothermal method using oleic acid (OA) as a green and cheap capping agent. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to characterize the products. The interaction between the precursor product and oleic acid was studied by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR). In addition, the catalytic activity of prepared Bi2WO6 for the oxidation of thiols to disulfides as an important reaction in both biological and chemical processes was investigated. It was found to be an efficient catalyst for the selective oxidation of thiols to the corresponding disulfides, without over-oxidation, at room temperature.

In this study, copper manganese oxide (CuMn2O4) nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by a simple sol-gel technique in the presence of lactose as the green capping agent. The lactose concentration effect on the crystalline size and magnetic properties of final products were systematically investigated. The structural, morphological, magnetic, and optical properties of as-obtained products were examined by techniques such as the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) and UV– Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. SEM and VSM results show that lactose concentrations play an important role in the magnetic properties and morphology of CuMn2O4 nanoparticles. Degradation of type of dye (Rhodamine B = Rh B and Methyl orange = MO) under ultraviolet light was examined to assess the feasibility of using CuMn2O4 for photocatalytic activities. To demonstrate the possibility of developing an inexpensive solar cell, FTO/TiO2/CuMn2O4/Pt-FTO, the CuMn2O4 paste was put on the top of the TiO2 through the doctor blade technique.